The Hyaluronic Acid 3 Serum

Glycerin is a widely used humectant that supports hydration and the skin barrier, with a long safety record and no known pregnancy or breastfeeding concerns in topical cosmetic use.

Sources: CIR; EU/UK Cosmetics Regulation

Sodium hyaluronate (hyaluronic acid salt) is used for hydration and cushioning, with very low systemic absorption from topical use and no known pregnancy or breastfeeding concerns at cosmetic concentrations.

Sources: CIR; EU/UK Cosmetics Regulation

Humectant and preservative booster. Considered safe for cosmetic use with low systemic exposure.

Sources: Cosmetic Ingredient Review (US); Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (EU)

1,2-Hexanediol is commonly used as a solvent and preservative booster; topical exposure is low and it has no known pregnancy or breastfeeding concerns at cosmetic concentrations, though very sensitive skin may occasionally react.

Sources: CIR; EU/UK Cosmetics Regulation

A cosmetic ester or glyceride used mainly for emollience, texture, dispersion or emulsification. The relevant fatty-acid, glyceryl, sorbitan, polyglyceryl and related ester safety assessments support use in current cosmetic practices. No pregnancy-specific hazard signal was identified for normal topical exposure; local irritation remains formulation-dependent.

Sources: CIR safety assessments of Fatty Acid Esters, Glyceryl Esters, Sorbitan Fatty Acid Esters, Polyglyceryl Fatty Acid Esters and Monoalkylglycol Dialkyl Acid Esters; CIR December 2025 Quick Reference Table https://cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/QRT-Update-Dec2025.pdf; European Commission CosIng ingredient inventory.

A high-molecular-weight polymer used to thicken and stabilise formulas. Cosmetic safety reviewers assessed acryloyldimethyltaurate polymers and concluded that they are safe in current cosmetic practices. Absorption of the finished polymer is expected to be limited, with residual monomers controlled during manufacture.

Sources: CIR: Safety Assessment of Acryloyldimethyltaurate Polymers as Used in Cosmetics https://www.cir-safety.org/panelbook/safety-assessment-acryloyldimethyltaurate-polymers-used-cosmetics-1

Betaine is a humectant/osmolyte used to support hydration and reduce irritation potential in formulas; it is considered low concern with no known pregnancy or breastfeeding risks in topical cosmetic use.

Sources: CIR; EU/UK Cosmetics Regulation

Natural polysaccharide thickener used for stability and texture. Not associated with pregnancy-specific concerns.

Sources: European cosmetics regulatory framework

Large polymer thickener, stabilizer and texture ingredient used in gels, creams and sunscreens. Systemic exposure from topical cosmetic use is expected to be low, with no pregnancy- or breastfeeding-specific concern identified in reviewed cosmetic references.

Sources: CIR cosmetic ingredient safety references for acrylates copolymers; EU CosIng / cosmetics regulatory inventory

Natural-moisturising-factor humectant that helps bind water in the stratum corneum. Reviewed cosmetic safety sources support normal topical use, with no pregnancy- or breastfeeding-specific topical signal identified in the material reviewed.

Sources: CIR: Safety Assessment of PCA and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics; EU CosIng / cosmetics regulatory inventory

Humectant and buffer that also forms part of the skin's natural moisturising factor. Reviewed cosmetic safety sources support topical cosmetic use; irritation and sun-sensitivity considerations relate more to formula context than to pregnancy-specific risk.

Sources: CIR: Safety Assessment of Alpha Hydroxy Acids as Used in Cosmetics; CIR: PCA and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics; EU CosIng / cosmetics regulatory inventory

Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, a natural-moisturising-factor component used as a humectant. Cosmetic safety reviewers concluded that PCA and its salts are safe in current practices, but they should not be used in formulations where N-nitroso compounds can form. No pregnancy-specific concern was identified for compliant topical use.

Sources: CIR: Safety Assessment of PCA and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics https://www.cir-safety.org/supplementaldoc/safety-assessment-pca-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic-acid-and-its-salts-used-cosmetics-0

A high-molecular-weight polymer used to hold water and stabilise texture. Cosmetic safety reviewers concluded that glyceryl acrylate/acrylic acid copolymer is safe in current cosmetic practices. Dermal absorption of the finished polymer is expected to be limited; residual monomers should be controlled by cosmetic manufacturing standards.

Sources: CIR: Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Acrylate/Acrylic Acid Copolymer and Glyceryl Polyacrylate https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org/view-attachment/?id=c79ac89b-d78d-055f-ba88-45f4f5a039b3

Hydrogenated emulsifier used to support skin barrier feel. Not associated with pregnancy-specific concerns.

Sources: Cosmetic Ingredient Review (US)

Preservative booster and skin-conditioning agent. Considered safe for cosmetic use with low systemic exposure when used as intended.

Sources: Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (EU); Cosmetic Ingredient Review (US)

Amino acid used as a humectant and skin/hair-conditioning support ingredient. Reviewed cosmetic safety sources support normal topical use, with no pregnancy- or breastfeeding-specific topical signal identified.

Sources: CIR: Safety Assessment of alpha-Amino Acids as Used in Cosmetics; EU CosIng / cosmetics regulatory inventory

Amino acid used as a humectant and skin/hair-conditioning support ingredient. Reviewed cosmetic safety sources support normal topical use, with no pregnancy- or breastfeeding-specific topical signal identified.

Sources: CIR: Safety Assessment of alpha-Amino Acids as Used in Cosmetics; EU CosIng / cosmetics regulatory inventory

Amino acid used as a humectant and skin/hair-conditioning support ingredient. Reviewed cosmetic safety sources support normal topical use, with no pregnancy- or breastfeeding-specific topical signal identified.

Sources: CIR: Safety Assessment of alpha-Amino Acids as Used in Cosmetics; EU CosIng / cosmetics regulatory inventory

Chelating agent used to improve formula stability. Used at low levels and not associated with pregnancy-specific concerns.

Sources: European cosmetics regulatory framework

Emulsifier used to help oil and water phases remain mixed. Reviewed cosmetic safety sources support topical use in cosmetics; the main practical issue is irritation potential in some formulas rather than a pregnancy-specific concern.

Sources: CIR: Safety Assessment of Sorbitan Esters as Used in Cosmetics; EU CosIng / cosmetics regulatory inventory

A high-molecular-weight film-forming copolymer used in hair, oral-care and skin products. Cosmetic safety reviewers concluded that PVM/MA copolymer is safe in current practices of use and concentration. Absorption of the intact polymer is expected to be limited.

Sources: CIR: Safety Assessment of PVM/MA Copolymer and Its Esters, IJT 30(Suppl. 2), 2011; December 2025 Quick Reference Table https://cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/QRT-Update-Dec2025.pdf

This naturally occurring alpha-amino acid is used for humectancy and skin or hair conditioning. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review found alpha-amino acids safe in current cosmetic use; the low concentrations and limited dermal uptake are not expected to create a pregnancy- or breastfeeding-specific concern.

Sources: CIR: Safety Assessment of alpha-Amino Acids as Used in Cosmetics https://www.cir-safety.org/supplementaldoc/safety-assessment-%CE%B1-amino-acids-used-cosmetics

pH adjuster used in small amounts to maintain product stability. Not associated with pregnancy-specific concerns.

Sources: Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (EU); European cosmetics regulatory framework

An amino acid or amino-acid salt used for conditioning, buffering or hydration. Cosmetic safety reviewers concluded that the assessed animal- and plant-derived amino acids are safe in current practices of use and concentration. No pregnancy-specific concern was identified for normal topical exposure.

Sources: CIR: Safety Assessment of Animal- and Plant-Derived Amino Acids as Used in Cosmetics; December 2025 Quick Reference Table https://cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/QRT-Update-Dec2025.pdf

Amino acid used as a humectant and skin/hair-conditioning support ingredient. Reviewed cosmetic safety sources support normal topical use, with no pregnancy- or breastfeeding-specific topical signal identified.

Sources: CIR: Safety Assessment of alpha-Amino Acids as Used in Cosmetics; EU CosIng / cosmetics regulatory inventory

Amino acid used as a humectant, skin-conditioning agent, and pH-adjusting support ingredient. Reviewed cosmetic safety sources support normal topical use, with no pregnancy- or breastfeeding-specific topical signal identified in the material reviewed.

Sources: CIR: Safety Assessment of α-Amino Acids as Used in Cosmetics; EU CosIng / cosmetics regulatory inventory

sodium methyl stearoyl taurate is used as a cosmetic surfactant, emulsifier or conditioning agent. Relevant cosmetic-safety assessments support use when formulated to be non-irritating and with appropriate impurity controls. Local skin or eye irritation is possible at higher concentrations, but no pregnancy-specific concern was identified for normal topical or rinse-off use.

Sources: CIR safety assessments of alkyl PEG ethers, N-acyl taurates, fatty amidopropyl amines and related cosmetic surfactants https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/taurat122015FR.pdf; CIR Quick Reference Table https://cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/QRT-Update-Dec2025.pdf

Amino acid used as a humectant and skin/hair-conditioning support ingredient. Reviewed cosmetic safety sources support normal topical use, with no pregnancy- or breastfeeding-specific topical signal identified.

Sources: CIR: Safety Assessment of alpha-Amino Acids as Used in Cosmetics; EU CosIng / cosmetics regulatory inventory

Skin-identical barrier lipid used to support the stratum corneum and reduce dryness. Reviewed cosmetic safety sources support normal topical use, with no pregnancy- or breastfeeding-specific topical signal identified in the material reviewed.

Sources: CIR: Safety Assessment of Ceramides as Used in Cosmetics; EU CosIng / cosmetics regulatory inventory

Skin-conditioning lipid used in barrier-support formulas, often alongside ceramides and fatty acids. Normal topical cosmetic use has no known pregnancy- or breastfeeding-specific concern identified in reviewed cosmetic references.

Sources: CIR cosmetic ingredient safety references for cholesterol and related sterols; EU CosIng / cosmetics regulatory inventory

Common emollient derived from fatty acids and glycerin. Used to soften skin and improve texture without pregnancy-specific concerns.

Sources: Cosmetic Ingredient Review (US); Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (EU)

Skin-conditioning lipid used in barrier-support formulas, commonly alongside ceramides and cholesterol. Reviewed cosmetic ingredient references do not identify a pregnancy- or breastfeeding-specific concern for normal topical use.

Sources: CIR cosmetic ingredient safety references for sphingolipids/skin-conditioning lipids; EU CosIng / cosmetics regulatory inventory

Stearic acid is a fatty acid used to stabilise emulsions and improve texture; it is considered low concern in topical cosmetics with no known pregnancy or breastfeeding risks at typical concentrations.

Sources: CIR; EU/UK Cosmetics Regulation

This naturally occurring fatty acid is used for emolliency, cleansing support or texture. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review concluded that assessed fatty acids are safe in current cosmetic use when formulated to be non-irritating and non-sensitizing; some can increase penetration of other formula ingredients.

Sources: CIR: Safety Assessment of Fatty Acids and Fatty Acid Salts as Used in Cosmetics https://cir-safety.org/supplementaldoc/safety-assessment-fatty-acids-fatty-acid-salts-used-cosmetic

Volatile solvent used in some toners, sprays, and lightweight formulas. Reviewed cosmetic safety sources support current cosmetic use, with no pregnancy- or breastfeeding-specific topical concern identified in the material reviewed; the main practical issue is dryness, stinging, or barrier disruption in some users.

Sources: CIR: Safety Assessment of SD Alcohol 40, Benzyl Alcohol, and Denatured Alcohol in Cosmetic Products; EU CosIng / cosmetics regulatory inventory

Vitamin E antioxidant used to protect oils and support the skin barrier. Not associated with pregnancy-specific concerns at cosmetic exposure.

Sources: Cosmetic Ingredient Review (US); Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (EU)

Humectant and preservative booster used to support product stability. Low systemic exposure expected from topical cosmetic use.

Sources: Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (EU); Cosmetic Ingredient Review (US)

A chelating ingredient commonly used to support cosmetic preservation. Cosmetic safety reviewers concluded that caprylhydroxamic acid is safe in current cosmetic use; sensitisation and enhanced penetration are formulation considerations, especially on damaged skin, but no pregnancy-specific contraindication is identified for normal topical use.

Sources: CIR: Safety Assessment of Caprylhydroxamic Acid https://www.cir-safety.org/supplementaldoc/safety-assessment-caprylhydroxamic-acid-used-cosmetics