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Methylparaben is a preservative with weak endocrine activity in some experimental systems. After reviewing the available endocrine and toxicology evidence, SCCS/1652/23 concluded that methylparaben is safe in cosmetics up to 0.4% as acid, including up to 0.4% within permitted ester mixtures whose total does not exceed 0.8%. Pregnancy-specific human outcome data for repeated topical exposure remain limited. MamaSkin retains Medium Risk as a deliberately conservative pregnancy policy, not because SCCS found compliant cosmetic use unsafe.

Propylparaben is a preservative in the paraben family. The main concern is endocrine activity signals (oestrogenic activity in some assays) and conservative risk management around aggregate exposure; pregnancy-specific outcome data for topical cosmetic exposure are limited. The medium-risk signal is endocrine-related uncertainty and limited pregnancy-specific evidence rather than a confirmed pregnancy-specific toxicity endpoint.

BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) is a lipophilic antioxidant used to protect oils from oxidation. Animal studies at high (primarily oral) doses show liver enzyme induction and related biochemical changes; endocrine-screening lines of evidence have also been evaluated in regulatory reviews. Pregnancy-specific human outcome data for topical cosmetic exposure are limited; the key signal is systemic toxicology at higher exposures and uncertainty for pregnancy-specific outcomes.

Phenoxyethanol is a preservative permitted in EU cosmetics up to 1.0%. The SCCS concluded it is safe for cosmetic use at that level, including when considering higher cosmetic exposure scenarios in infants and young children. Main practical concern is irritation/stinging on very sensitive or compromised skin rather than a pregnancy- or breastfeeding-specific risk.

Triethanolamine (TEA) is an alkanolamine used as a pH adjuster and surfactant in cosmetics. The main practical concerns are skin/eye irritation at higher concentrations and the potential formation of nitrosamines if formulated with nitrosating agents (a formulation/impurity-control issue). It is not a typical pregnancy-specific concern at cosmetic use levels; overall risk is primarily local irritation/sensitisation in susceptible users.

Umbrella term for an undisclosed fragrance blend. It’s not usually a pregnancy-specific concern at normal cosmetic use levels, but the exact components and concentrations aren’t fully disclosed on the label, so we score it more conservatively. If you prefer maximum transparency (or you’re sensitive to fragrance compounds), choose fragrance-free/unscented products.

Dimethicone is a silicone polymer used as a skin protectant and slip/conditioning agent. It is considered inert with minimal dermal absorption; the main practical issues are cosmetic (feel) and occasional irritation in very sensitive users. It is not a pregnancy-specific concern in topical cosmetic use.

Niacinamide (vitamin B3) is widely used for barrier support and tone/texture benefits, and is generally considered safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding when used topically at cosmetic concentrations.

Glycerin is a widely used humectant that supports hydration and the skin barrier, with a long safety record and no known pregnancy or breastfeeding concerns in topical cosmetic use.

A carotenoid antioxidant used for colour and skin-conditioning support. Topical cosmetic exposure is expected to be much lower than dietary or supplemental exposure. No pregnancy-specific hazard was identified for normal topical use.

An algae- or seaweed-derived ingredient used for skin conditioning, moisturising or texture support. Composition and trace mineral content vary by source. No pregnancy-specific hazard was identified for normal topical cosmetic exposure; this does not assess oral seaweed supplements.

Modified hyaluronate humectant and skin-conditioning ingredient. Reviewed cosmetic safety sources support topical hyaluronate ingredients, with no pregnancy- or breastfeeding-specific concern identified for normal cosmetic use.

Sodium hyaluronate (hyaluronic acid salt) is used for hydration and cushioning, with very low systemic absorption from topical use and no known pregnancy or breastfeeding concerns at cosmetic concentrations.

Crosslinked hyaluronate humectant used to support hydration at the skin surface. Reviewed cosmetic safety sources support normal topical use, with no pregnancy- or breastfeeding-specific topical signal identified.

Humectant and skin-conditioning ingredient in the hyaluronate family. Reviewed cosmetic safety sources support current cosmetic use, with no pregnancy- or breastfeeding-specific topical concern identified in the material reviewed.

Helianthus annuus (sunflower) seed oil is a common emollient rich in fatty acids and is generally well tolerated, with no known pregnancy or breastfeeding concerns in topical cosmetic use.

A naturally occurring amino-acid dimer used for skin or hair conditioning. CIR included Cystine in the alpha-amino-acid safe-as-used conclusion. This entry does not classify separately modified cystine derivatives; no pregnancy-specific concern was identified for normal topical cosmetic exposure.

Amino acid used as a humectant and skin/hair-conditioning support ingredient. Reviewed cosmetic safety sources support normal topical use, with no pregnancy- or breastfeeding-specific topical signal identified.

Natural-moisturising-factor humectant that helps bind water in the stratum corneum. Reviewed cosmetic safety sources support normal topical use, with no pregnancy- or breastfeeding-specific topical signal identified in the material reviewed.

An antioxidant peptide naturally present in the body and used in topical products for skin conditioning and tone. Clinical studies and systematic reviews report generally good tolerance of topical glutathione, although evidence for cosmetic benefits remains limited. No pregnancy-specific topical signal was identified.

Protein-derived skin- and hair-conditioning ingredient used to support feel and hydration at the surface. Reviewed cosmetic ingredient references do not identify a pregnancy- or breastfeeding-specific concern for normal topical use.

Highly refined petrolatum (petroleum jelly) is a skin protectant/occlusive with minimal dermal penetration; safety depends on refining/PAH impurity controls and cosmetic/medical grades meet established standards.

Silicone emollient and solvent used to improve slip and spreadability. No known pregnancy- or breastfeeding-specific concern in normal topical cosmetic use based on reviewed cosmetic safety sources. Spray or aerosol formats may warrant extra caution because inhalation/local lung exposure concerns have been raised for those uses.

Polymer thickener and stabiliser used in creams and sunscreens. Low systemic exposure expected.

A strongly alkaline raw material used mainly in small amounts to adjust pH or during soap manufacture. Concentrated potassium hydroxide is corrosive, but that raw-material hazard is not representative of a correctly formulated finished cosmetic. Cosmetic safety reviewers concluded that inorganic hydroxides are safe in current cosmetic uses when products are formulated to be non-irritating, with special handling conditions for depilatories and hair straighteners. No pregnancy-specific concern is identified for normal use of a compliant finished product.

A high-molecular-weight acrylate polymer used for film formation, texture or suspension. Cosmetic safety reviewers concluded that the assessed acrylates copolymers are safe in current practices when formulated to be non-irritating. Finished-polymer absorption is expected to be limited, and residual monomers should be controlled during manufacture.

Disodium EDTA is a chelating agent used to improve formula stability and performance; it is considered low concern in topical cosmetic use, with no known pregnancy or breastfeeding risks at typical concentrations.

This glucose-derived nonionic surfactant or emulsifier is used in cleansers and emulsions. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review concluded that alkyl glucosides are safe in current cosmetic use when formulated to be non-irritating; sensitive skin can still react to surfactants.

Preservative acid used to help control microbial growth and support formula stability. Reviewed cosmetic safety sources support current cosmetic use, with no pregnancy- or breastfeeding-specific topical concern identified in the material reviewed; some users may still notice local irritation or stinging, especially on compromised skin.

pH adjuster used in small amounts to maintain product stability. Not associated with pregnancy-specific concerns.

Synthetic peptide used as a skin-conditioning ingredient. Reviewed cosmetic safety sources do not indicate a known pregnancy- or breastfeeding-specific concern in normal topical cosmetic use. The available cosmetic safety assessment concluded this ingredient is safe in cosmetics at concentrations up to 0.005%; safety above that concentration was not established in the reviewed report.

Common emollient derived from fatty acids and glycerin. Used to soften skin and improve texture without pregnancy-specific concerns.

Vitamin E antioxidant used to protect oils and support the skin barrier. Not associated with pregnancy-specific concerns at cosmetic exposure.

Preservative booster and skin-conditioning agent. Considered safe for cosmetic use with low systemic exposure when used as intended.

A plant-derived carbohydrate polymer or modified starch used to thicken, stabilise or condition a formula. Cosmetic safety reviewers concluded that the supported plant polysaccharide gums and derivatives are safe in current practices of use and concentration. Loose powders should still be used without deliberately inhaling airborne particles.

Humectant and preservative booster. Considered safe for cosmetic use with low systemic exposure.

A common inorganic electrolyte used to control viscosity, stabilise a formula or condition skin. At cosmetic concentrations these salts do not present a pregnancy-specific concern; concentrated formulas can still sting damaged or very sensitive skin.

Preservative widely used in foods and cosmetics. Considered safe at regulated concentrations with low systemic exposure from topical use.

Humectant and preservative booster used to support product stability. Low systemic exposure expected from topical cosmetic use.